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screen [2021/03/16 05:09] – [Splitting windows] hc9screen [2024/09/16 07:51] (current) – er” hc9
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 ===== Introduction ===== ===== Introduction =====
  
-[[http://savannah.gnu.org/projects/screen/|Screen]] is a terminal multiplexer, i.e., it will let you have multiple virtual terminals in a single window. You will also be able to 1) detach a screen session, and then detach it in a later moment; 2) share screen sessions.+[[http://savannah.gnu.org/projects/screen/|Screen]] is a “terminal multiplexer”, i.e., it will let you have multiple virtual terminals in a single window. You will also be able to 1) “detach” a screen session, and then detach it in a later moment; 2) share screen sessions.
  
-In this tutorial $   indicates a terminal prompt (just for visual convenience).+In this tutorial ''$'' indicates a terminal prompt (just for visual convenience).
  
-A Screen command is usually of the form CTRL-a KEY, i.e., you'll have to press the CTRL key along with a, followed by a generic KEY. (Screen's default escape key is CTRL-a.)+A Screen command is usually of the form **CTRL-a KEY**, i.e., you'll have to press the **CTRL** key along with “a”, followed by a generic KEY. (Screen's default escape key is **CTRL-a**.)
  
 You'll need to be a [[http://sdf.org/?join#meta|MetaARPA]] member in order to use Screen on SDF You'll need to be a [[http://sdf.org/?join#meta|MetaARPA]] member in order to use Screen on SDF
  
-If you want a screencast tutorial, type:+If you want a “screencast” tutorial, type:
  
-"$ ttyplay /ftp/pub/users/jecxjo/howto/screen"+''$ ttyplay /ftp/pub/users/jecxjo/howto/screen''
  
 on a terminal connected to SDF. on a terminal connected to SDF.
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 ''$ screen'' ''$ screen''
  
-When you run it, a window with some copyright and some other info will show up, with [Press Space or Return to end.] at the bottom. OK, as it says, you can now press Space or Enter. You will then see your shell prompt and nothing else. That's fine: you can now run your programs as usual, the difference is that they will run under a Screen session. You can detach it by typing CTRL-a d. Screen will keep your session running. Now if you logout, then log back in, and type:+When you run it, a window with some copyright and some other info will show up, with “[Press Space or Return to end.]” at the bottom. OK, as it says, you can now press “Space” or “Enter”. You will then see your shell prompt and nothing else. That's fine: you can now run your programs as usual, the difference is that they will run under a Screen session. You can detach it by typing **CTRL-a d**. Screen will keep your session running. Now if you logout, then log back in, and type:
  
 ''$ screen -r'' ''$ screen -r''
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 ''$ screen -d -r'' ''$ screen -d -r''
  
-The -d flag will detach Screen, while -r will reattach. There are various types of detach and  flags. For instance, if you type the previous command and there was no screen session to be resumed, you'll get a There is no screen to be detached. message. In this case you'll probably need:+The “-d” flag will detach Screen, while “-r” will reattach. There are various types of “detach” and  flags. For instance, if you type the previous command and there was no screen session to be resumed, you'll get a “There is no screen to be detached.” message. In this case you'll probably need:
  
 ''$ screen -d -R'' ''$ screen -d -R''
  
-which will first create a new session (or rettach an existing one).+which will first create a new session (or reattach an existing one).
  
 ===== Multiple windows ===== ===== Multiple windows =====
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 ''$ screen'' ''$ screen''
  
-will create a new window, leaving the previous window untouched, though not visible. Instead of typing screen, you can use the shortcut CTRL-a c.+will create a new window, leaving the previous window untouched, though not visible. Instead of typing “screen”, you can use the shortcut **CTRL-a c**.
  
-You can create as many windows as you want. You can swith between windows with CTRL-a n (next window) and CTRL-a p (previous window). It's also possible to select windows by number. Typing CTRL-a 1 will open window number 1, CTRL-a 2, to window 2, and so on.+You can create as many windows as you want. You can swith between windows with **CTRL-a n** (next window) and **CTRL-a p** (previous window). It's also possible to select windows by number. Typing **CTRL-a 1** will open window number 1, **CTRL-a 2**, to window 2, and so on.
  
-How do you know what's a window number? Well, you can type CTRL-a " (yeah, that's a double quote). In that case a menu with a windows list will open. You can select a number and press enter to go to that screen. An easier way is to have a hard status line that shows you each window number. For doing this in a permanent manner, you'll have to create a .screenrc (Screen's customization file) in your $HOME directory and write in it the following lines:+How do you know what's a window number? Well, you can type **CTRL-a “** (yeah, that's a double quote). In that case a menu with a windows list will open. You can select a number and press enter to go to that screen. An easier way is to have a “hard status line” that shows you each window number. For doing this in a permanent manner, you'll have to create a “.screenrc” (Screen's customization file) in your $HOME directory and write in it the following lines:
  
 <file config .screenrc> <file config .screenrc>
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 ===== Multiple sessions ===== ===== Multiple sessions =====
  
-It's possible to have various Screen sessions running, each one with their own set of windows open. If you started Screen by just typing screen, a new session is created. If you detach and type screen again, a new session will start. If you now type:+It's possible to have various Screen sessions running, each one with their own set of windows open. If you started Screen by just typing “screen”, a new session is created. If you detach and type “screen” again, a new session will start. If you now type:
  
 ''$ screen -ls'' ''$ screen -ls''
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 where HOST is the hostname and YOU is your username. where HOST is the hostname and YOU is your username.
  
-You can reattach a screen session by name. Say for instance that you want to resume the 4522.pts-8.HOST session. In this case you'll have to type:+You can reattach a screen session by name. Say for instance that you want to resume the “4522.pts-8.HOST” session. In this case you'll have to type:
  
 ''$ screen -r 4522.pts-8.HOST'' ''$ screen -r 4522.pts-8.HOST''
  
-Obviously 4522.pts-8.HOST is not a very userfriendly session name. You can give a meaningful name by starting screen as:+Obviously “4522.pts-8.HOST” is not a very userfriendly session name. You can give a meaningful name by starting screen as:
  
 ''$ screen -S mysession'' ''$ screen -S mysession''
  
-where mysession is the name you want to give to your session (e.g., work).+where “mysession” is the name you want to give to your session (e.g., “work”).
  
 ===== Splitting windows ===== ===== Splitting windows =====
  
-It could be useful to split a window so that you can have two programs running on the viewport. In this case, type CTRL-a S and you'll see that the window will be split in two regions, with the one at the bottom blank. You can swith to it with CTRL-a TAB (TAB is the tab key) and then select a window by typing its number, or p (previous) or n (next), e.g., CTRL-a 2. You can always swith through regions with CTRL-a TAB.+It could be useful to split a window so that you can have two programs running on the viewport. In this case, type **CTRL-a S** and you'll see that the window will be split in two regions, with the one at the bottom blank. You can swith to it with **CTRL-a TAB** (TAB is the tab key) and then select a window by typing its number, or “p” (previous) or “n” (next), e.g., **CTRL-a 2**. You can always swith through regions with **CTRL-a TAB**.
  
-It's possible to split the window in more then two regions, each time by typing CTRL-a S+It's possible to split the window in more then two regions, each time by typing **CTRL-a S**
  
-If you want to split a window vertically, you'll have to either use a //patch(([[http://fungi.yuggoth.org/vsp4s/|Vertical Split for GNU Screen]] - provides a vertical split feature for current releases of GNU Screen))// or use a recent version of Screen.+If you want to split a window vertically, you'll have to either use a //patch(([[http://fungi.yuggoth.org/vsp4s/|Vertical Split for GNU Screen]] – provides a vertical split feature for current releases of GNU Screen))// or use a recent version of Screen.
  
 ===== Sharing screen sessions ===== ===== Sharing screen sessions =====
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 **CTRL-a:password none** **CTRL-a:password none**
  
-**CTRL-a:aclchg SOMEUSER -w "#"**+**CTRL-a:aclchg SOMEUSER -w “#”**
  
 SOMEUSER should exit screen first, then in the shell, type: SOMEUSER should exit screen first, then in the shell, type:
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 //**Some notes:**// //**Some notes:**//
  
-  * Screen version that was used "Screen version 4.00.03 (FAU) 23-Oct-06"+  * Screen version that was used “Screen version 4.00.03 (FAU) 23-Oct-06”
  
   * At the time of writing ( Tue Apr 17 23:01:50 IST 2012 ) all attempts at achieving the above read only functionality by editing .screenrc failed, usually resulting in SOMEUSER having FULL access to HOSTUSER's screen and shell account.   * At the time of writing ( Tue Apr 17 23:01:50 IST 2012 ) all attempts at achieving the above read only functionality by editing .screenrc failed, usually resulting in SOMEUSER having FULL access to HOSTUSER's screen and shell account.
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   * After SOMEUSER is detachs HOSTUSER might try **CTRL-aF** to resize the screen windows to fit the terminal.   * After SOMEUSER is detachs HOSTUSER might try **CTRL-aF** to resize the screen windows to fit the terminal.
  
-  * For convenience and to reduce typing in screen HOSTUSER might want to have "multiuser on" and "password none" in .screenrc. HOSTUSER's screen is still private until a user is permitted to attach with aclchg.+  * For convenience and to reduce typing in screen HOSTUSER might want to have “multiuser on” and “password none” in .screenrc. HOSTUSER's screen is still private until a user is permitted to attach with aclchg.
  
   * HOSTUSER will hear/see lots of bells if SOMEUSER tries to type into the screen session.   * HOSTUSER will hear/see lots of bells if SOMEUSER tries to type into the screen session.
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 ===== .screenrc ===== ===== .screenrc =====
  
-As we previously saw, it is possible to customize Screen by writing settings in a file named .screenrc in your $HOME directory. We will now some useful Screen settings.+As we previously saw, it is possible to customize Screen by writing settings in a file named “.screenrc” in your $HOME directory. We will now some useful Screen settings.
  
-==== Avoiding the startup message ====+=== Avoiding the startup message ===
  
 A full screen message with copyright and other stuff is usually displayed at startup. This can get annoying. In order to avoid it, you can put in your .screenrc the following: A full screen message with copyright and other stuff is usually displayed at startup. This can get annoying. In order to avoid it, you can put in your .screenrc the following:
  
-  startup_message off+<file config .screenrc>
  
-==== Keybindings ====+startup_message off
  
-It's possible to bind keys so that when you type CTRL-a KEY Screen willl open a new window launching some program. For instance, if you write in your .screenrc file+</file>
  
-  bind m screen -t mail 1 mutt+=== Keybindings ===
  
-each time you'll type CTRL-a m a new window (named mail)with mutt will be created. Be careful: when you bind a key, you'll overwrite Screen's defaults (e.g., we just lost the lastmsg key).+It's possible to bind keys so that when you type **CTRL-a KEY** Screen will open a new window launching some program. For instance, if you write in your .screenrc file 
 + 
 +<file config .screenrc> 
 + 
 +bind m screen -t mail 1 mutt 
 + 
 +</file> 
 + 
 +each time you'll type **CTRL-a m** a new window (named “mail”)with mutt will be created. Be careful: when you bind a key, you'll overwrite Screen's defaults (e.g., we just lost the “lastmsg” key).
  
 ===== Cheat sheet ===== ===== Cheat sheet =====
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 **Notes** **Notes**
 +
 ---- ----
 +
 $Id: screen.html,v 1.8 2012/05/08 14:45:50 dickey Exp $ [[http://sdf.org/?tutorials/screen|Screen]] - traditional link (using [[wp>Revision_Control_System|RCS]]) $Id: screen.html,v 1.8 2012/05/08 14:45:50 dickey Exp $ [[http://sdf.org/?tutorials/screen|Screen]] - traditional link (using [[wp>Revision_Control_System|RCS]])
  
screen.1615871373.txt.gz · Last modified: 2021/03/16 05:09 by hc9